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=General considerations=
 
=General considerations=
To calculate the solar position with a microcontroller (on a fixed geographic place)  
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For calculating the solar position with a microcontroller (on a fixed geographic place)  
 
you have to solve two problems:  
 
you have to solve two problems:  
 
The controller needs a time device (typically a battery buffered chip like in a PC)
 
The controller needs a time device (typically a battery buffered chip like in a PC)
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==Get the Time==
 
==Get the Time==
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[[Image:Arduino_DS1307_FritzingExport.jpg|thumb|timer chip DS1307 with Arduino]]
 
To get Greenwich Time (aka UT) I use a DS1307 chip.
 
To get Greenwich Time (aka UT) I use a DS1307 chip.
 
Following the description of http://www.glacialwanderer.com/hobbyrobotics/?p=12
 
Following the description of http://www.glacialwanderer.com/hobbyrobotics/?p=12
 
it worked immediately. Did not find any 2.2K resistors,  
 
it worked immediately. Did not find any 2.2K resistors,  
 
4.7K ones are just as fine.   
 
4.7K ones are just as fine.   
I have taken the code from this site and tucked the complexity
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I have taken the code from that site and tucked the complexity
into an Arduino libary (DS1307.h)
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into an Arduino libary (DS1307H.h)
    
==Calculate Azimuth and Elevation==
 
==Calculate Azimuth and Elevation==
To calculate the solar azimuth and elevation exactly
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The formulas for exact calculation of solar azimuth and elevation  
you need very involved formulas. However, for practical
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are very involved. However, for practical
 
purposes like sun tracking of a heliostat there are
 
purposes like sun tracking of a heliostat there are
 
simpler ones available.  
 
simpler ones available.  
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and you can download it [http://www.psa.es/sdg/sunpos.htm here] as C++ code.  
 
and you can download it [http://www.psa.es/sdg/sunpos.htm here] as C++ code.  
 
There are adaptions neccessary for Arduino, though.  
 
There are adaptions neccessary for Arduino, though.  
The formulas for calculating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day Juliand Day]  
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The formulas for calculating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day Julian Day]  
 
are not working properly on Arduino due to reduced double precision.
 
are not working properly on Arduino due to reduced double precision.
(Therefore, I have adapted them (expecting only Julians dates from 1.Jan. 2000).
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Therefore, I have adapted them, expecting only Julians dates starting from 1.Jan. 2000.
 
These calculations I have put into another library (Helios.h)
 
These calculations I have put into another library (Helios.h)
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Use following program plus libraries for older Arduino IDE (0023 and older):
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{{zip|SolarTracker4Arduino.zip|14KB|Version from 09.03.2011}}
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For newer Arduino IDE (1.0.1 and later) use instead the following package,
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{{zip|SolarTracker4Arduino1.0.1.zip|17KB|Version from 16.01.2015}}
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Once you got it running, verify the calculated positions, for instance with
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[http://www.sunearthtools.com/dp/tools/pos_sun.php solar position calculator] from
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sunearthtools. (Attention: SolarTracker4Arduino does NOT account for daylight saving time (DST),
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you have to determine UT (when you set your timer chip) as if there was no DST at all. On the other hand, sunearthtools allow using DST,
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and this option is selected by default.
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==SPA Algorithm==
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A much more accurate solar algorithm seems to be from Reda, I.; Andreas, A. (2003):
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''Solar Position Algorithm for Solar Radiation Applications. NREL Report No. TP-560-34302,
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''Revised January 2008. The algorithm is supposed to work for the years -2000 to 6000,
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''with uncertainties of +/-0.0003 degrees.''
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In this paper methods have been worked out according to the book from
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''Jean Meeus: Astronomical Algorithms, Willmann-Bell, Richmond 2000 (2nd ed., 2nd printing)''
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a well known text book for astronomic calculations.
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The calculations are, however, very extensive; for Arduino I chose the simpler PSA.
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Implementations and references for both algorithms I found thanks to the code from
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[http://klaus.e175.net/solarpositioning Klaus Brunner]. It was also a valuable help for debugging
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the Arduino implementation.
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--[[User:Hannes.hassler|Hannes.hassler]] 13:36, 3 March 2011 (CET)
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